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Module 4 Objectives
1. Provide examples of the ways species adapt to the constraints of their habitats.
Structural, Behavioral,
2. Describe the different ways species may exploit one another.
One animal will eat the other one for example a frog and a worm the frog eats the worm to survive and the worm is just unlucky
3. Explain how species can coexist without one out-competing the other.
They learn to live in the same area while sharing food and resources
4. Explain how species live in cooperative relationships with each other.
This happens when two species decide to work together to survive for example fungi and trees
5. Describe the movement f energy and nutrients through an ecosystem.
Ecosystems maintain themselves by cycling energy and nutrients obtained from external sources. At the first trophic level, primary producers (plants, algae, and some bacteria) use solar energy to produce organic plant material through photosynthesis. Herbivores—animals that feed solely on plants—make up the second trophic level. Predators that eat herbivores comprise the third trophic level; if larger predators are present, they represent still higher trophic levels. (http://www.learner.org/courses/envsci/unit/text.php?unit=4&secNum=3)
6. Describe the interaction of humans with other species within an ecosystem.
a. Benefits and detriments
Some organisms can make their own food, and other organisms have to get their food by eating other organisms. An organism that must obtain their nutrients by eating (consuming) other organisms is called a consumer, or a heterotroph. (https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/CAS-biodiversity/why-is-biodiversity-important-ca/biodiversity-and-ecosystem-funct/a/ecological-interactions)
7. Distinguish between species diversity, genetic diversity, and habitat diversity. How do these relate to biodiversity?
There are different species obviously, and then genetic could be anything from hair, claws, beaks, sounds, etc. and habitat diversity is the difference in where these species live.
8. Explain how biodiversity enhances the productivity and stability of an ecosystem.
Biodiversity simultaneously enhances the production and stability of community biomass, but the effects are independent (http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/12-1334.1)
9. Explain what steps can be taken to conserve biodiversity.
Some drivers of biodiversity loss are localized, such as overexploitation. Others are global, such as climate change, while many operate at a variety of scales, such as the local impacts of invasive species through global trade. (http://www.greenfacts.org/en/biodiversity/l-3/6-conserve-biodiversity.htm)
Structural, Behavioral,
2. Describe the different ways species may exploit one another.
One animal will eat the other one for example a frog and a worm the frog eats the worm to survive and the worm is just unlucky
3. Explain how species can coexist without one out-competing the other.
They learn to live in the same area while sharing food and resources
4. Explain how species live in cooperative relationships with each other.
This happens when two species decide to work together to survive for example fungi and trees
5. Describe the movement f energy and nutrients through an ecosystem.
Ecosystems maintain themselves by cycling energy and nutrients obtained from external sources. At the first trophic level, primary producers (plants, algae, and some bacteria) use solar energy to produce organic plant material through photosynthesis. Herbivores—animals that feed solely on plants—make up the second trophic level. Predators that eat herbivores comprise the third trophic level; if larger predators are present, they represent still higher trophic levels. (http://www.learner.org/courses/envsci/unit/text.php?unit=4&secNum=3)
6. Describe the interaction of humans with other species within an ecosystem.
a. Benefits and detriments
Some organisms can make their own food, and other organisms have to get their food by eating other organisms. An organism that must obtain their nutrients by eating (consuming) other organisms is called a consumer, or a heterotroph. (https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/CAS-biodiversity/why-is-biodiversity-important-ca/biodiversity-and-ecosystem-funct/a/ecological-interactions)
7. Distinguish between species diversity, genetic diversity, and habitat diversity. How do these relate to biodiversity?
There are different species obviously, and then genetic could be anything from hair, claws, beaks, sounds, etc. and habitat diversity is the difference in where these species live.
8. Explain how biodiversity enhances the productivity and stability of an ecosystem.
Biodiversity simultaneously enhances the production and stability of community biomass, but the effects are independent (http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/12-1334.1)
9. Explain what steps can be taken to conserve biodiversity.
Some drivers of biodiversity loss are localized, such as overexploitation. Others are global, such as climate change, while many operate at a variety of scales, such as the local impacts of invasive species through global trade. (http://www.greenfacts.org/en/biodiversity/l-3/6-conserve-biodiversity.htm)
Food Web
(http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/foodchain/trophiclevels.GIF)
(http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios101/x311_files/images/image30.png)
Experiment
Materials:
Motor oil
leaves, grass, dirt
2 containers
sunlight
Procedure:
We all took samples of our pond water in our plots and put them in an experiment where we tested the PH level difference when motor oil was added to one of the containers while the other one was controlled and untouched. The PH level in the container with the motor oil ended up raising quite a bit while the untouched container remained the same give or take a little bit. 7-8 day experiment
Hypothesis:
We decided as a group that the container with the motor oil added to the pond water would rise over days due to the sunlight and motor oil changing the water immensely
Motor oil
leaves, grass, dirt
2 containers
sunlight
Procedure:
We all took samples of our pond water in our plots and put them in an experiment where we tested the PH level difference when motor oil was added to one of the containers while the other one was controlled and untouched. The PH level in the container with the motor oil ended up raising quite a bit while the untouched container remained the same give or take a little bit. 7-8 day experiment
Hypothesis:
We decided as a group that the container with the motor oil added to the pond water would rise over days due to the sunlight and motor oil changing the water immensely
Five Organisms
1.) Competitive- an interaction between two species fighting for the same thing. Most of the time they are fighting for food sources or space. There is essentially, one winner and one loser. 2.) Exploiting- a relationship where one species is benefiting and the other is harmed. 3.) Mutualistic- both species have a relationship that benefits one another.
Crow vs Robin
Both have a competitive relationship. These birds have to fight for the same food sources and space due to same living areas and food sources
Both have a competitive relationship. These birds have to fight for the same food sources and space due to same living areas and food sources
Blue Jay vs Cherry Tree
Both have an exploiting relationship. The blue jay eats the cherry trees fruit.
Both have an exploiting relationship. The blue jay eats the cherry trees fruit.
Honey Bee vs Flower
Both have an exploiting relationship. The honey bee gets honey from flowers
Both have an exploiting relationship. The honey bee gets honey from flowers
Tree vs Fungi
Both have a mutualistic relationship. The fungus supplies the tree with a direct supply of carbs and glucose. The tree gives the fungi a place to live
Both have a mutualistic relationship. The fungus supplies the tree with a direct supply of carbs and glucose. The tree gives the fungi a place to live
Frog vs Worm
Both have an exploiting relationship. The frog benefits from this relationship because the frog feasts off of the worm, while the worm is the prey.
Both have an exploiting relationship. The frog benefits from this relationship because the frog feasts off of the worm, while the worm is the prey.